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Zenith Goal Group

Supplier and manufacturer of polymer raw materials

The Zenith Goal Group plays an indispensable role in the supply chain, providing high-quality raw materials and products to businesses across the CIS region. With our commitment to fair and competitive pricing, terms, and conditions, we prioritize customer satisfaction while driving forward the industry's overall growth.

Products

Discover a comprehensive array of high-quality raw materials and products meticulously sourced and distributed by the Zenith Goal Group. Our extensive product line caters to businesses spanning the CIS region, offering essential components vital to optimizing supply chain operations.

Polymers

Polymer is a broad term used in chemistry to describe large molecules composed of repeating structural units known as monomers. These monomers are bonded together through chemical reactions, forming long chains or networks.

Chemicals

Chemicals are substances composed of distinct molecules, atoms, or ions. They can be found in various forms, including solids, liquids, gases, and even plasma. Chemicals are fundamental to all matter and play crucial roles in processes and applications across different fields.

Compounds

Compound is a combination of polymer materials such as various grades of polyethylene and such, which is added to raw materials in order to increase physical, mechanical and thermal properties. It includes a types of polymer bases

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510

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HFI5110

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Catering to the needs of businesses throughout the CIS region, the Zenith Goal Group stands as a cornerstone in the supply chain landscape. Our array of services encompasses the provision of top-tier raw materials and products, ensuring uncompromised quality at every step.

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Our branches serve as essential nodes within the Zenith Goal Group network, strategically positioned to cater to diverse markets spanning the expansive CIS region. From the dynamic urban centers of Moscow to the picturesque landscapes of Armenia, each branch embodies our unwavering commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction. With a keen understanding of the unique dynamics of the CIS markets, our experienced teams ensure the seamless procurement and distribution of high-quality raw materials and products.

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Suppliers

At The Zenith Goal Group, we act as the vital link between suppliers and customers within the supply chain. Our primary focus is on sourcing high-quality raw materials and products from reputable suppliers across the CIS region and beyond. Through meticulous selection and rigorous quality control measures, we ensure that only the finest goods make their way to our valued customers.

All you need to know

Polystyrene (PS)

Polystyrene is a synthetic aromatic polymer made of styrene monomer and has a formula (C₈H₈)n. Styrene monomer (liquid) has a wide range of applications, but is mostly used in the processing of polystyrene plastics. The main method of production of styrene monomer is through ethyl benzene, so that the first benzene is alkylated with ethylene, and ethyl benzene is produced. Then, using aluminum chloride, solid phosphoric acid or silica–alumin, dehydrogenated and styrene monomer is produced. Then، by using the polymerization process، the styrene monomer is converted to styrene polymer:

Heavy naphtha ➜ benzene ➜ ethylbenzene ➜ styrene monomer ➜ ordinary polystyrene ➜ Expansion & Resistant

Styrene monomer is used not only in the production of polystyrene but also in some other petrochemical materials such as ABS and SBR. This polymer can be converted to the final product by means of extrusion and injection molding. Polystyrene with about 20 million tons of production and consumption is the sixth most widely used plastic in the world. In general, polystyrene is characterized by its toughness, which makes it suitable for packaging products that require order. Polystyrenes are thermoplastic polymers, which leads to a variety of applications and makes it easy to produce finished products. This product was first produced in Iran in 1955 by the efforts of the UNOLIT Company; hence it is known in Iran as UNOLIT.

Normal Polystyrene

The initial form of polystyrene production is typical and other types of polystyrene are produced by adding other materials to this branch. Ordinary polystyrene is considered homopolymer. In Iran, it is also known as crystal, which is due to its transparency and difficulty. This transparency makes it suitable for food packaging. Of course, polystyrene can be used to pack those foods that are in normal temperatures when they are filled in the packaging. Ordinary polystyrene transparency is such that it passes up to 90% of the light, which makes it used in the optics industry. It is used in both extrusion and injection molding. Grades with low MFI are mainly suitable for extrusion applications and high MFI for injection applications. Disposable containers made of polystyrene use semi–forming method and those using PP are produced by thermoforming method. In general، there is an important way to identify products that are made with GPPS: These materials are relatively hard and transparent، but they cannot be crumpled and broken down at high pressure، such as a CD box. The main disadvantage of this grade is its brittleness and lack of resistance to impact and heat, and can only be used at low temperatures and low loads.

Resistant Polystyrene (HIPS)

In Iran، it is known as HIPPACK or HIPPACK، and as its name implies، it is stiffer than ordinary polystyrene and therefore more resistant to impact. Therefore، for products that require more resistance، this type of polystyrene is used. The base of the resistant polystyrene is ordinary polystyrene and is produced by adding 5 to 10 percent butadiene (the raw material for producing automotive tires) to conventional polystyrene. So HIPS is a copolymer. This makes the polystyrene harder. The difficulty created increases the use of a wide range of products including food packaging, medical equipment, industrial appliances, gardening, automobile and … Gets. The insulation also makes it suitable for the first layer of refrigerators. This type of polystyrene is also suitable for both extrusion and injection applications. Some HIPS grades are used in combination with conventional grades. For example، 7240 is usually combined with 1540. Detection way: In some grades it is much harder than conventional polystyrene، such as in automotive industry or refrigerator fruit box، but in some cases not. It is like a pack of one kilogram that is soft and does not break with crumpling. Like a regular grade, these grades are FDA standard which makes it suitable for food packaging.

Expanded Polystyrene (EPS)

Expanded polystyrene (EPS)، known in Iran as foam، Unolite or Polystyrene foam، is also made from ordinary polystyrene. In which ordinary polystyrene is impregnated with pentane gas (as a puff agent). The process is that polystyrene is impregnated with pentane gas and dried at 90 °C to evaporate the pentane. This makes granular grains larger by 20 to 50 times. However، the amount of pentane remains in EPS granules، which generally ranges from 5 to 8 percent. In the analysis of expanded polystyrene materials, two elements of grain size and amount of pentane in EPS granules are important. 98% of the weight of EPS is air. This reduces the dead load of the roof to 200 kg/m2. An important feature of EPS is its lightness, low heat transfer and low moisture absorption, making it very suitable for both packaging and building use. Using EPS in building insulation reduces energy consumption by up to 15%. The special properties of this polymer have been used in a wide range of products and applications such as construction of thermal insulation equipment, packaging of electrical, electronic and mechanical sensitive instruments such as cold storage, sound and thermal insulation of walls, construction of replicas and manual work, temporary space décor, construction of light structures, ice, agriculture (cultivation without soil).

Sports such as cycling, track and field, road construction, aircraft making, automobiles, marine vessels and … be used. EPS grades are based on the size of the particles, their type of surface coating and their resistance to flame. Broadened polystyrenes are divided into three grades F، R and SE. Grade F: Flame retardant grades are used for applications that require fireproof, such as for use as heat boats. At the same time، this grade is not used for joists blocks between the ceilings and is only allowed in the decoration area. The higher the heading of grades، the smaller the granulation of polystyrene؛ for example، the gradation of grade F50 is larger than the grade F100. This is also true of the two grades R and SE. On the other hand، the higher the heading of grades، the density of the product increases. For example, the density of F50 grade is less than F100. R–grades, known as sparkling grades, are used for items that do not require fireproof classification, such as food packaging. Rounds of SE: Also known as self–extinguishing. In this grade and grade F, modified materials are used in polymers, which usually contain phosphorus, nitrogen or halogen compounds that are the most suitable material in this field. The way these materials work is that at high temperatures، these materials easily form halogen halide and halogen، which is a solid layer between the surface of polymer materials and oxygen and prevents oxidation and burning of the polymer.

Polystyrene Production

Polystyrene production in the world In 2016, the global production capacity of polystyrene was 14.7 million tons. China is the world‘s largest producer of polystyrene and Asia as a whole is the world‘s largest producer of polymers, accounting for 55.1% of total production. The largest consumer of polystyrene is Asia, with North America at 17% followed by Europe at 16.3%. The major polystyrene–producing countries of the United States are China, Germany, France, South Korea, Singapore and Japan. According to statistics, about 34% of the world‘s polystyrene production is made by fireproof polystyrene foam The high volume of polystyrene foam product has made most of the trade in this field to be raw material or EPS granule. Between 2019 and 2023, Asia and the Middle East region will be at the forefront of new expanded polystyrene (EPS) production capacities in the world. Asia is projected to add 51.4 percent to global production capacity by 2023, equivalent to 0.18 million tonnes annually. Dainand Creed, oil and gas market analyst at Global Data, says India is also leading the expansion of polystyrene with two projects under operation “Supreme Petrochem Nicotine Expandable Polystyrene Complex No. 2“ and LG Polymers India Complex. The Ningxia Boateng Energy Group‘s Yinchuan project is also set to be launched in China, which will greatly increase production capacity in the country.

Among the new factories in Asia that have been added to styrene production capacity include the Zhejiang Chemical Manufacturing Plant with a production capacity of more than 1.2 million cubic meters per year. Ann. He. He. C. Shell 650,000 cubic meters per year and Vanhua Chemical Plant 650,000 cubic meters per year.

Polyethylene (PE)

Polyethylene (PE) is a thermoplastic polymer that is widely used in various industries due to its multiplicity, resistance and economy. This is a type of polyalfin that comes from the combination of ethylene monomers. Here are some of the structural features of this material:

Types of polyethylene:

Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE): This type of polyethylene has less density and more flexibility than other types of polyethylene. It is typically used in applications such as packaging films, plastic bags and tubes.

High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Unlike LDPE, this grade has higher density and more hardness and resistance than LDPE. It is used in various applications including bottles, pipes, containers, and geomembranes.

Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE): This polyethylene has a short–branched, long–branched structure that gives it a balance of the properties between LDPE and HDPE. It is often used in film applications such as stretch coating, agricultural films and liners.

Properties of polyethylene:

Chemical Resistance: Polyethylene is resistant to many chemicals, acids and bases, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.

Flexibility: Depending on the type of polyethylene, it can range from very flexible (LDPE) to hard (HDPE).

Toughness: Polyethylene has high impact resistance and hardness, making it suitable for applications requiring fatigue resistance.

Common Uses: Packaging (films and bottles and bags) Gas and Water Transmission Pipes Containers and Tanks Agricultural Liners and Bags Insulation Materials Medical Instruments Toys and …

PE100

Polyethylene is the most widely used material in industrial and urban pipe industry and is widely used for gas and water distribution. It is thermoplastic and has light weight and has high corrosion resistance. The division of polyethylene in terms of density is PE100 and PE80. One of the defining parameters between the two grades is the MRS index, which is the abbreviation for Minimum Required Strength. This parameter indicates the mechanical stability and strength of the material against the stress that it is entering. MSR is 10=10 for PE100 and 80=8 for PE100. As we can see, PE 100 has more strength and performance compared to PE80, so in the production of high pressure pipe we can use PE 100 with lower thickness and thinner pipe because it shows more strength at constant pressure and will be more cost effective considering the material consumed. Another factor that determines its elastic modulus is PE100 has a greater modulus than PE80 and thus exhibits greater resistance to deformation. In addition, it has a higher yield stress, which makes it more robust. And structurally and molecularly، this material is more structured، so it‘s more orderly. PE80 is used for low–pressure gas and water distribution networks, irrigation systems and sewage lines. PE100 can withstand higher pressure, so it is more suitable for high pressure applications such as high voltage distribution networks, water supply networks and industrial piping. These grades have high resistance to impact, abrasion, UV rays and climate change, so they are also suitable for outdoor use. These grades are usually produced by extrusion process. In this process، the plastic material is melted and pushed through a continuous mold to achieve the final diameter and thickness. Then the obtained pipe is cut in desired lengths and if necessary various connections are added to them. Among the advantages of these materials are lower weight, corrosion resistance and flexibility.

The main user of PE100 is used in gas and water pipes and for transport at high temperatures, and the additives used for this material to enter the composites state include antioxidants and process stabilizers and lubricants that help the process. This polyethylene has two grades of N and B that differ in terms of structural and functional characteristics.

Grade N: This grade has lower density and has lower tensile strength and hardness compared to grade B. This grade is more suitable for applications where flexibility and impact resistance are more important than stiffness. This material is useful in applications such as tubular packaging and geomembranes.

Grade B: This grade has a high density and has a higher tensile strength and stiffness and chemical resistance against grade D. It may be better suited for applications that require structural health, rigidity, and resistance to harsh environments. It may be used in applications such as water and gas distribution pipes, industrial containers, and chemical storage tanks.

EX3

HDPE EX3 is a polyethylene grade for pipe production. This grade is used for the production of hard and thick pipes and usually has a density range of 0.943–0.947 g/cm3. Its main applications include drinking water and gas pipes and sewage pipes. PE Ex3 pipes are commonly used for water distribution systems due to their excellent chemical resistance, flexibility and long durability. They can withstand a range of pH levels and resist rust, which makes them ideal for carrying drinking water. PE Ex3 pipes are also suitable for gas distribution networks. They have good resistance to gas penetration and are capable of processing pressure requirements for gas transmission. In addition, they have a high resistance to environmental stresses, which ensure that the integrity of the gas distribution system is maintained.

F7000

It is a grade of high–density polyethylene (HDPE) and is used in the production of a variety of films with a thickness of 10 to 25 microns. The outstanding features of this material can be noted as its high tensile, good dart impact strength and low gel content. Users: The applications of this material can be shopping bags and clothing covers and very light bags, garbage bags and liner bags that are used in containers, very thin bags in food packaging and …he pointed out.

Profile of f7000 videos:

Tensile Strength at Yield Tensile Resistance at Surrender Point:

MD: 620kg/cm2

TD:310 kg/cm2

Tensile Modulus modulus tensile:

MD:8200kg/cm2

TD: 8000kg/ cm2

Length at breakpoint: MD:240% TD:450%

Bl3

Heavy polyethylene material used in wind and Jammaroon and Bakhtar petrochemical are among the manufacturers of this grade. This material is used to produce containers over 3 liters، nylon، nylex and profile tubes for pharmaceutics containers and storage tanks and kitchen appliances. Usually BL3 grade polyethylene is used in the production of thin films for packaging applications. This includes flexible packaging for food products, industrial packaging, thermal coating and agricultural film.BL3 grade polyethylene may be used in injection molding processes to produce various parts and components. These components can be used in automotive, consumer goods, household appliances and other industries. This grade has similar performance to HB0035

52518

This is a high density polyethylene grade that has a narrow molecular weight distribution and is suitable for injection applications, this material is due to its good flow properties and good dimensional stability and high gloss The appearance of this granule is transparent and is used in the production of household products of toys, plastic pallets and laboratory parts.

LD2420 H&D

It is a linear polyethylene due to its superior resistance, flexibility and barrier characteristics, can be used for the production of food packaging films, industrial packaging, thermal packaging and agricultural applications This lightweight polyethylene grade is produced in two groups H and D and is used in the production of light plastic parts and various types of film. The difference between the two grades:

Grade H: Because of its higher hardness and strength, high–density polyethylene (such as 2420H) is commonly used in applications that require a robust structure, such as pipes, fittings, containers and industrial components.

Grade D: But in conjunction with this grade, it is often used in applications that require a combination of hardness and flexibility. These applications include film extraction for packaging, wire and cable coatings, and some types of injectable products, but this grade is commonly used in the production of films.

LFI2119

LFI2119 is a low–density polyethylene that has excellent optical properties. This degree of elasticity is excellent to the bottom and is specially designed for thin films. LFI2119 is recommended for the coated film extrusion process. This product is suitable for producing general LDPE film packaging and general lamination films. This is a special grade of Arya Sasol Petrochemical.

LFI2130

LFI2130 is a low density polyethylene that is suitable for the production of heavy duty film and does not contain anti–slip and anti–closure additives. This grade has unique properties of roughness, low tensile capability and excellent biaxial contraction properties. LFI2130 used for extrusion of blow films, this product is suitable for producing heavy duty LDPE film packaging for applications such as pimp covers, industrial bags, carry–on bags and pastes.

LL0209

LL0209 is probably a special type of linear low–density polyethylene (LLDPE) known as LL0209. This type of polyethylene is commonly used in a variety of applications including film production due to its combination of characteristics such as flexibility, impact resistance, and chemical resistance. It may have certain characteristics such as easy processing, low gel content, high melting resistance, good transparency of film and high mechanical properties. Features of this polymer: High Strength High tensile strength Better sealing Flexibility Simple structure Low molecular weight Thermoplastic.

Applications of this grade can be to:

Heavy Duty Bags, Agricultural Films, Liners

Products bags, stretch film Films made from pure LL 02090 AA have the following advantages over LDPE:

Better density, more puncture resistance, higher tensile ability, higher elongation resistance : Processing Condition Recommended melt temperature: 180-225 °C

Zone Temperature: 200 °C Hopper Temperature: 180 °C Screw speed is set to 50 rpm Blow up ratio: 2

Basic Concepts

Melt flow rate :The rate of melt flow is influenced by a variety of factors, including molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, temperature, pressure, and rheological properties of the polymer. Generally, polymers with higher molecular weight usually have lower melting flow rates because they have greater flow resistance due to the increased complexity and hardness function of the chain. Conversely, polymers with lower molecular weight or narrower molecular weight distributions typically have higher melting flow rates and flow more easily. Density Density is closely related to other physical properties of polymers, such as mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and chemical resistance. The density of polymers affects their flow behavior, higher density polymers usually require higher temperatures and pressures to achieve proper flow and mold filling. On the other hand, lower density polymers flow more easily and may require lower temperatures and pressures. Polymers with lower density are often preferred for blow molding applications because they provide the best melting power and ductility. Density plays a vital role in foaming processes that have been developed to produce light polymer products with improved insulation characteristics. Less–density polymers are more suitable for cotton extraction or casting processes because they can infiltrate gas bubbles more efficiently, leading to lower density foam structures. Melting point The melting point has an effect on the temperature of the process required to form polymers through various techniques such as extraction, injection casting, and cotton casting. Polymers must be heated to temperatures above their melting points in order to reach molten state and prepare for processing. Polymers with high melting points are preferred for applications requiring thermal stability and resistance to high temperatures such as automotive parts, electrical insulation, and cooking appliances. Melting point measurements are used in process quality control to ensure stability and integrity in the production of polymers. The deviation from the desired melting point can indicate impurity and in the structure of polymer composites. The melting point affects the performance of polymer products in service conditions. Understanding the melting behavior can help predict how a polymer behaves under different temperature conditions, which has an impact on its mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and chemical resistance. brittleness temperature The fragile temperature provides valuable information about the plasticity and softness of polymers, also known as the fragile point or fragile transfer temperature, refers to the temperature at which the polymer moves from a stretchy or flexible state to a fragile or crackle state.

Understanding the temperature of fragility is critical for the design of polymer products that are placed in low temperature environments or heat periods. Designers can choose polymers with the right fragility temperature to ensure that the products maintain a healthy performance in cold conditions. In applications where polymers are applied to low temperatures, such as in automotive parts or external equipment, knowledge about the fragility temperature is vital to ensure product safety. Products that become fragile at low temperatures may suddenly break down, leading to safety hazards Frailty temperature measurements are used in quality control processes to assess the performance and strength of polymer materials. ESCR Understanding fracture resistance under environmental stresses of polymers is useful in designing products that are used in environments with stress fracture hazards. ESCR data allows engineers to predict the long–term performance of polymer products in real–time applications. By taking into account factors such as chemical exposure, temperature, and mechanical stresses, they can assess the probability of fracture under stress and make more informed decisions about material selection and product design. Tensile strength at yield Tensile stress at the point of drop is the maximum stress that a polymer material can withstand before permanent deformation. This is a vital item used to determine the properties and capabilities of the polymer under stress. Engineers choose polymers with suitable resistance based on the specific mechanical needs of the project, to ensure that the material can withstand the expected stresses without breakdown. Understanding the sustainable resistance of polymers allows engineers to optimize the design of polymer components and structures. Also, engineers can use stable resistance data in structural analysis and simulation to predict the behavior of polymer components under different loading conditions. tensile stress at break The final stress and maximum stress that a material endures before a complete breakdown is called tensile stress at the point of failure. The researchers use this factor to ensure the ability to tolerate the mechanical stress that it enters. These data are used to investigate the causes of polymer component failure. By comparing the maximum yield stress of the failed components with the expected tensile stress, engineers can identify possible weaknesses, defects or roughness in the materials or manufacturing process that have led to failure. By evaluating the tensile stress of the maximum polymers, engineers can predict how the material will perform under different loading conditions. Polymer materials with high tensile stress in fracture are likely to have superior durability and mechanical failure resistance under service conditions. The choice of polymers with high tensile stress in failure can lead to products with longer service life and better performance and reliability. Some polymer materials may exhibit fragile behavior in the tensile stress of failure, leading to a sudden and catastrophic failure without warning. This may have disadvantages in applications where resistance and flexibility are necessary to prevent premature failure, this factor may be affected by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and contact with chemicals or UV radiation.

Elongation at break A mechanical property that measures the elasticity of a material before it breaks down during the tensile test. This factor is supplied as a percentage, which shows the rate of elongation or deformation at the point of failure. Elongation at the point of failure provides valuable information about material flexibility before failure. Substances that have a greater elongation at the point of failure can tolerate more deformation before they fail. This makes them suitable for applications that require flexibility and flexibility. Elongation at the point of failure is an appropriate way to assess the failure behavior of materials, which gives researchers the opportunity to understand how substances change and fail under tensile conditions. For fragile materials, the tensile loss in fracture may be minimal or negligible, which limits its application as a mechanical feature to describe the behavior of the material. Refractory materials tend to break down suddenly without warning, which makes it difficult to assess their deformation characteristics. The importance of tear strength in polymer science and related industries is significant for several reasons. Polymer scientists and engineers use tear strength measurements during the development of new materials or formulations. Understanding how various factors such as polymer type, additives, processing conditions and reinforcements affect tear strength is crucial to optimizing material performance. Industries related to packaging, textile, automotive, construction and other sectors rely on rupture strength data to select materials most suitable for specific applications. For example, tear resistant plastics are vital for durable packaging that protects goods during transportation.Tear resistance is a critical parameter for evaluating the durability and longevity of polymer–based products. Materials that have high tear resistance suffer less damage from mechanical stress, manipulation and environmental factors, leading to longer shelf life. Dart impact strength Dart impact resistance is an important feature of polymers that measures their ability against perforation or tear against sudden impacts. For polymer films used in packaging, construction, or other applications where mechanical stress is common, the choice of a polymer with sufficient resistance to the impact of darts ensures that the film can be manipulated, transported and used without damage tolerance. The impact strength of darts can be affected by the thickness of the film. Thick films typically show greater impact resistance due to the increased thickness of the material. When choosing a polymer for film production, manufacturers should consider the desired thickness of the film and choose a polymer that can achieve the required resistance to dart impact at that thickness.

low gel contentThe low amount of gel in polymeric films can have consequences for the suitability of a polymer to produce film. The gel content refers to the presence of lattice and branching structures in the polymer matrix which can affect the mechanical properties of the production as well as the visual properties of the film. Mechanical Properties Low gel structure indicates a linear and integrated polymer structure, which will affect the improvement of its mechanical properties such as modulus of tensile strength and flexibility. For applications that require high mechanical properties, such as packaging films, choosing polymers with low gel content can be useful to ensure that the film can withstand mechanical stress without any failure. Clarity and Transparency The gel structures inside the polymer matrix may lead to light scattering, which results in a reduction in clarity and transparency of the film. Polymer films with low gel content are often clearer and sharper, making them suitable for applications where optical properties are important, such as display films, window films, or packaging for visually appealing products. Product Performance: The presence of gels in polymer films can affect the overall performance and performance of the final product. Films with low gel content may provide improved features such as better protection features (such as gas protection, moisture protection), better printability, or increased measurement resistance, to suit specific application requirements. Vicat softening point: Vikat softening point provides information about the temperature range at which a polymer can be processed, molded, or formed. Manufacturers use this data to determine the appropriate process conditions to prevent the polymer from overheating or cooling which can lead to process defects or problems. Different polymers have different Vikat softening points that affect their adaptation to specific applications. For example, polymers with higher softening points are preferred for applications requiring resistance to high temperatures, such as automotive parts or electronic components, while polymers with lower softening points may be suitable for applications requiring flexibility or performance at low temperatures such as packaging films or medical devices. Vikat softening point is used as a measure of quality control to ensure consistency and uniformity in polymer production. By monitoring the softening point of polymer samples, manufacturers can ensure that the material meets specified performance standards and identifies any changes or imperfections in the manufacturing process.

machine dirction factor (MD): The direction of the machine is the direction in which the polymer material moves during the manufacturing process, usually in the extraction or stretching processes. A high MD factor indicates a high degree of orientation or ordering of polymer chains in the direction of the machine, which results in improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and dimensional stability in that direction. Conversely, the lower MD factor indicates the least orientation and more homogeneous properties. In polymer film production, the machine direction (MD) is often parallel to the direction of the sequence of polymer chains, which occurs due to the process of stretching or extraction. Transverse Direction(TD): In polymer film production, the transverse direction (TD) is usually perpendicular to the direction of extraction or traction and perpendicular to the order of polymer chains and provides information about the non–anthropotropic properties of the polymer material, especially in terms of mechanical and physical properties. A high TD factor indicates a high degree of orientation or arrangement of polymer chains in transverse direction, leading to improvements in mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness, and dimensional stability perpendicular to the direction of the machine. Conversely, the lower TD factor indicates the least orientation and more homogeneous properties in the transverse direction. FRR The molecular weight distribution of a polymer has a great influence on its properties. The mechanical properties of polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution are better but their processing is more difficult. The wider the molecular weight distribution, the higher the sensitivity of polymer molten viscosity to the cutting rate. Using FRR, the effect of molecular weight distribution on the rheological behavior of polyethylene materials can be investigated. In other words, FRR can be used to control and compare the molecular weight distribution of the compound, so that higher FRR indicates a wider molecular weight. which is equal to the ratio: the occurrence of molten mass flow at 190°C with a weight of 21.6 kg; and The molten mass flow rate is at 190°C with a weight of 5.0 kg. Hydrostatic Test Hydrostatic testing is a process used to check the durability and leakage of components such as piping systems, gas cylinders, boilers and pressure vessels. Hydrostatic testing provides a level of assurance that the object is under pressure and resists exposure to corrosive environments, without bursting. In general, hydrostatic testing is a type of pressure test performed by filling the whole part with water, removing the air in the unit, and pressurizing the system to 1.5 times the designed pressure. Pressure is then held for a certain period of time to inspect the system for leakage and visually. Visual inspection can be increased using tracer dyes or fluorescent dyes on the liquid to determine where the cracks and leaks originate. Its validity and retest duration depend on the age of the product, the material in it, the structure of the material and its rating by the original equipment manufacturer. However, this period usually ranges from 3 to 5 years. Notched impact It is called the amount of resistance that a material can absorb before breaking. Toughness is a property of matter that refers to the amount of energy needed to break a material abruptly. the Izod notched impact test to ASTM D256 generates characteristic values for the impact resistance and notch sensitivity at high strain rates in the form of a thickness-related energy value

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